Art history in Europe spans thousands of years and has shaped global culture. From ancient Roman sculptures to modern expressionism, the continent offers a deep and layered artistic tradition.
The Renaissance, which began in Italy in the 14th century, marked a major turning point. Artists like Michelangelo, Raphael, and Leonardo da Vinci combined technical skill with new ways of seeing the world. Their influence spread across Europe, inspiring artists in France, Germany, and the Netherlands.
In the 17th century, the Baroque era brought drama and grandeur to painting and architecture. Artists like Caravaggio and Rubens captured emotion and movement in their works. Meanwhile, the Dutch Golden Age introduced a more realistic and domestic approach, with painters like Vermeer and Rembrandt.
The 19th century saw rapid change. Romanticism, Realism, and Impressionism each offered different perspectives on modern life. French painters such as Monet, Degas, and Manet led the way, while others like Van Gogh and Munch brought a more personal, emotional touch.
The 20th century opened up new possibilities. Movements like Cubism, Surrealism, and Dada challenged tradition and embraced experimentation. European cities became centers of artistic innovation, from Picasso’s Paris studio to the Bauhaus school in Germany.
Understanding European art history is key to appreciating today’s cultural landscape. It’s not just about old paintings—it’s about the ideas and emotions that continue to shape creativity across the world.